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WWW.MY-SUBS.COM
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What is the cost of lies?
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Who is to blame?
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It doesn't matter.
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It doesn't look right.
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We taste metal.
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I think there's graphite on the ground.
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You didn't see graphite.
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You didn't because it's not there!
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We seal off the city. Contain
the spread of misinformation.
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Secretary Gorbachev has
appointed a committee
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to manage the accident. You're on it.
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- Synced and corrected by VitoSilans -
-- www.MY-SUBS.com --
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You know,
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I believe that the Russia we fight for
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is not the dull town
where I lived at a loss...
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...but those country tracks
that our ancestors followed,
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the graves where they lie,
with the old Russian cross.
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By old Russian practice,
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mere fire and destruction
are all we abandon behind us in war.
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We see alongside us
the deaths of our comrades...
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...by old Russian practice,
the breast to the fore.
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Till now we've been spared
by the bullets.
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But when, for the third time,
my life seemed to end,
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I yet still felt proud
of the dearest of countries,
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the great bitter land
I was born to defend...
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You work too hard.
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- Where is everyone?
- Oh, they refused to come in.
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- Why?
- It's Saturday.
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- Why did you come in?
- I work too hard.
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It's boiling in here.
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Eight milliroentgen. A leak?
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No.
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It would've gone off before.
It's coming from outside.
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The Americans?
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Iodine 131.
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It's not military. It's
uranium decay, U-235.
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Reactor fuel?
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Ignalina. Maybe, uh,
240 kilometers away.
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Yes, this is Ulana Khomyuk
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with the Institute of Nuclear En...
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Looking for...?
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- All right, stay calm.
- Don't tell me to stay calm.
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They're at four. It's not them.
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- Who's the next closest?
- It's Chernobyl, but that's not possible.
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They're 400 kilometers away.
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That's too far for eight milliroentgen.
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They'd have to be split open.
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Maybe they know something.
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- Iodine.
- Could it be a waste dump?
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No.
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We'd be seeing other isotopes.
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Nuclear test? Uh, new kind of bomb?
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We'd have heard. That's what
half our people work on here.
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Something with the space
program like a satellite or...?
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No one's answering the phone.
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- Get everyone started on an IV.
- We don't have enough.
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- All the children then.
- But we don't have enough!
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As many as you can.
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- Where's the old man?
- He's set up a burn ward in 16.
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What are you doing? What is that?
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Milk. It's milk. Much better than water.
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No, no, no. Stop. Stop!
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- What are you doing?
- These are radiation burns!
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Their clothes are contaminated!
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Help me!
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Get it all off.
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We're taking it down to the basement.
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He was a firefighter from Chernobyl.
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Can you stop pushing, please?
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We have our orders!
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- Disperse!
- Hey, there! Get him!
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Why you keeping us out here?
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Professor Legasov?
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Oh, no, not yet.
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They're finishing up some other
business. It'll be a few more minutes.
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- Can I get you some tea?
- No, I'm fine. Thank you.
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Would you care to read Deputy Chairman
Shcherbina's report while you wait?
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Certainly. Thank you.
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All right, Professor. They're ready.
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Professor Legasov?
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You have my support.
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Thank you all for your
duty to this commission.
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We will begin with Deputy
Chairman Shcherbina's briefing,
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and then we will discuss
next steps if necessary.
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Thank you, comrade General Secretary.
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I'm pleased to report that the
situation in Chernobyl is stable.
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Military and civilian patrols
have secured the region,
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and Colonel General Pikalov,
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who commands troops
specializing in chemical hazards,
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has been dispatched to the plant.
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In terms of radiation,
plant director Bryukhanov
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reports no more than 3.6 roentgen.
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I'm told it's the
equivalent of a chest X-ray.
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So if you're overdue for a check-up...
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- And foreign press?
- Totally unaware.
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KGB First Deputy Chairman
Charkov assures me
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that we have successfully
protected our security interests.
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Good. Very good.
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Well, it seems like
it's well in hand, so...
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if there's nothing
else, meeting adjourned.
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No!
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Pardon me?
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Uh, we can't adjourn.
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This is Professor Legasov
of the Kurchatov Institute.
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Professor, if you have any concerns,
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feel free to address them with me later.
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I can't. I am sorry. I'm so sorry.
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Page three, the section on casualties.
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Uh...
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"A fireman was severely
burned on his hand
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by a chunk of smooth, black mineral
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on the ground, outside
the reactor building."
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Smooth, black mineral... graphite.
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There's-There's graphite on the ground.
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Well, there was a... a tank
explosion. There's debris.
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- Of what importance...?
- There's only one place in the entire facility
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where you will find
graphite: inside the core.
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If there's graphite
on the ground outside,
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it means it wasn't a control
system tank that exploded.
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- It was the reactor core.
- It's open!
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Um, Comrade Shcherbina?
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Comrade General
Secretary, I can assure you
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that Professor Legasov is mistaken.
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Bryukhanov reports that
the reactor core is intact.
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- And as for the radiation...
- Yes, 3.6 roentgen,
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which, by the way, is not the
equivalent of one chest X-ray,
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but rather 400 chest X-rays.
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That number's been bothering me
for a different reason, though.
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It's also the maximum reading
on low-limit dosimeters.
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They gave us the number they had.
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I think the true number
is much, much higher.
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If I'm right, this fireman
was holding the equivalent
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of four million chest
X-rays in his hand.
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Professor Legasov, there's no
place for alarmist hysteria...
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It's not alarmist if it's a fact!
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Well, I don't hear any facts at all.
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All I hear is a man I don't know
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engaging in conjecture
in direct contradiction
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to what has been reported
by party officials.
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I'm, uh... I apologize.
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I didn't mean, uh...
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Please, may I express my concern
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as calmly and as respectfully as I...
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- Professor Legasov...
- Boris.
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I will allow it.
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Um...
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An RBMK reactor
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uses uranium 235 as fuel.
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Every atom of U-235 is like a bullet
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traveling at nearly the speed of light,
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penetrating everything in its path:
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woods, metal, concrete, flesh.
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Every gram of U-235 holds
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over a billion trillion
of these bullets.
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That's in one gram.
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Now, Chernobyl holds
over three million grams,
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and right now, it is on fire.
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Winds will carry radioactive
particles across the entire continent,
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rain will bring them down on us.
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That's three million
billion trillion bullets
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in the... in the air we breathe,
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the water we drink, the food we eat.
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Most of these bullets will
not stop firing for 100 years.
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Some of them, not for 50,000 years.
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Yes, and, uh, this concern
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stems entirely from the
description of a rock?
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Yes.
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Hmm.
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Comrade Shcherbina...
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I want you to go to Chernobyl.
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You take a look at the
reactor, you personally,
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and you report directly back to me.
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A wise decision, comrade
General Secretary...
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And take Professor Legasov with you.
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Uh...
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Forgive me, comrade
General Secretary, but I...
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Do you know how a nuclear reactor works?
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- No.
- No.
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Well, then how will you
know what you're looking at?
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Meeting adjourned.
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How does a nuclear reactor work?
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- What?
- It's a simple question.
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It's hardly a simple answer.
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Of course, you presume I'm
too stupid to understand.
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So I'll restate: Tell me
how a nuclear reactor works,
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or I'll have one of these soldiers
throw you out of the helicopter.
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A nuclear reactor makes
electricity with steam.
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The steam turns a turbine
which generates electricity.
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Where a typical power plant
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makes steam by burning coal,
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a nuclear plant...
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In a nuclear plant, we use
something called fission.
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We take an unstable
element like uranium 235,
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which has too many neutrons.
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- A neutron is, uh...
- The bullet.
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00:16:43,252 --> 00:16:45,046
Yes, the bullet.
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00:16:46,047 --> 00:16:48,841
So, bullets are flying
off of the uranium.
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00:16:48,966 --> 00:16:50,259
Now...
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00:16:50,384 --> 00:16:55,181
if we put enough uranium
atoms close together,
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the bullets from one atom will
eventually strike another atom.
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00:16:59,769 --> 00:17:02,772
The force of this impact
splits that atom apart,
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00:17:02,897 --> 00:17:06,275
releasing a tremendous
amount of energy, fission.
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00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:08,986
- And the graphite?
- Ah, yes.
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00:17:09,111 --> 00:17:12,949
The neutrons are actually traveling
so fast... we call this "flux"...
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00:17:13,074 --> 00:17:17,828
it's relatively unlikely that the
uranium atoms will ever hit one another.
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00:17:17,954 --> 00:17:22,875
In RBMK reactors, we surround
the fuel rods with graphite
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00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:28,005
to moderate, slow
down, the neutron flux.
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Good.
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00:17:33,010 --> 00:17:36,055
I know how a nuclear reactor works.
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00:17:37,723 --> 00:17:40,226
Now I don't need you.
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00:17:58,661 --> 00:18:02,206
- Can you help me? I need to find my husband.
- No. Not now.
212
00:18:06,210 --> 00:18:07,670
- Mikhail!
- Lyudmilla.
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00:18:07,795 --> 00:18:09,380
Take her.
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00:18:09,505 --> 00:18:11,257
Take her away from here, please.
215
00:18:11,382 --> 00:18:13,968
- Get away from them! You want to get sick? Go!
- Oh my God.
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00:18:14,093 --> 00:18:15,386
Please take her, please take her.
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00:18:15,511 --> 00:18:17,221
Please take her, please.
218
00:18:17,346 --> 00:18:19,682
Please! Please!
219
00:18:19,807 --> 00:18:21,434
Please take her!
220
00:18:26,814 --> 00:18:29,525
Excuse me, I am Vasily Ignatenko's wife.
221
00:18:29,650 --> 00:18:32,862
He's a fireman. Ignatenko.
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00:18:32,987 --> 00:18:36,490
Ignatenko, Sixth Paramilitary
Fire and Rescue Unit.
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00:18:36,616 --> 00:18:39,452
I need to find him. Please.
224
00:18:42,705 --> 00:18:44,290
Ignatenko...
225
00:18:44,415 --> 00:18:46,709
He's being transported
by helicopter to Moscow.
226
00:18:46,834 --> 00:18:48,628
Hospital number six.
227
00:18:48,753 --> 00:18:50,838
Why, is he all right? Can I see him?
228
00:18:50,963 --> 00:18:52,465
You want to see him? Go to Moscow.
229
00:18:52,590 --> 00:18:54,717
But they're not letting us leave here.
230
00:18:57,345 --> 00:18:59,555
Tell them Major Burov allows it.
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00:19:01,223 --> 00:19:04,185
- Oh. When are they taking him?
- Now.
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00:19:35,132 --> 00:19:37,051
We're approaching the power plant.
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00:19:43,015 --> 00:19:44,892
What have they done?
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00:19:46,018 --> 00:19:47,561
Can you see inside?
235
00:19:47,687 --> 00:19:50,940
I don't have to. Look.
236
00:19:51,065 --> 00:19:52,942
That's graphite on the roof.
237
00:19:53,067 --> 00:19:55,277
The whole building's been blown open.
238
00:19:55,403 --> 00:19:56,737
The core's exposed!
239
00:19:56,862 --> 00:19:58,614
I can't see how you
can tell that from here.
240
00:19:58,739 --> 00:19:59,865
Oh, for God's sakes.
241
00:19:59,990 --> 00:20:01,617
Look at that glow!
242
00:20:01,742 --> 00:20:04,245
That's radiation ionizing the air!
243
00:20:04,370 --> 00:20:06,080
Well, if we can't see, we don't know.
244
00:20:06,205 --> 00:20:07,832
Get us directly over the building!
245
00:20:07,957 --> 00:20:09,083
- Boris, if we fly...
- Don't you use my name!
246
00:20:09,208 --> 00:20:11,836
...directly over an open reactor,
we'll be dead within a week!
247
00:20:11,961 --> 00:20:13,337
Dead!
248
00:20:14,547 --> 00:20:15,589
Sir?
249
00:20:15,715 --> 00:20:18,718
Get us over that building,
or I'll have you shot!
250
00:20:22,471 --> 00:20:24,473
If you fly directly over
that core, I promise you,
251
00:20:24,598 --> 00:20:27,351
by tomorrow morning, you'll
be begging for that bullet.
252
00:21:15,316 --> 00:21:17,485
Perhaps if you came back another day.
253
00:21:22,531 --> 00:21:24,867
Just wonderful.
254
00:21:24,992 --> 00:21:27,369
Deputy Secretary Garanin.
255
00:21:27,495 --> 00:21:31,624
Ulana Khomyuk of the Byelorussian
Institute for Nuclear Energy.
256
00:21:31,749 --> 00:21:33,042
What a pleasure.
257
00:21:33,167 --> 00:21:35,920
- Let me introduce...
- I'm here about Chernobyl.
258
00:21:37,922 --> 00:21:39,298
Such a lovely time.
259
00:21:39,423 --> 00:21:42,885
- Visit again soon.
- I will. Thank you.
260
00:21:55,022 --> 00:21:58,067
I must tell you, this is
why no one likes scientists.
261
00:21:58,192 --> 00:22:00,778
When we have a disease
to cure, where are they?
262
00:22:00,903 --> 00:22:04,365
In a lab, noses in their
books, and so Grandma dies.
263
00:22:04,490 --> 00:22:05,741
But when there isn't a problem,
264
00:22:05,866 --> 00:22:07,493
they're everywhere, spreading fear.
265
00:22:07,618 --> 00:22:09,954
- I know about Chernobyl.
- Oh?
266
00:22:10,079 --> 00:22:12,915
I know that the core is either
partially or completely exposed.
267
00:22:13,040 --> 00:22:15,417
- Whatever that means.
- And that if you don't immediately
268
00:22:15,543 --> 00:22:18,254
issue iodine tablets and
then evacuate this city,
269
00:22:18,379 --> 00:22:20,965
hundreds of thousands of
people are going to get cancer,
270
00:22:21,090 --> 00:22:23,175
and God knows how many more will die.
271
00:22:23,300 --> 00:22:24,927
Yes, very good.
272
00:22:25,052 --> 00:22:27,304
There has been an accident at Chernobyl,
273
00:22:27,429 --> 00:22:29,515
but I've been assured
there is no problem.
274
00:22:29,640 --> 00:22:31,517
I'm telling you that there is.
275
00:22:31,642 --> 00:22:33,602
I prefer my opinion to yours.
276
00:22:33,727 --> 00:22:36,897
I'm a nuclear physicist.
277
00:22:37,022 --> 00:22:38,566
Before you were Deputy Secretary,
278
00:22:38,691 --> 00:22:40,359
you worked in a shoe factory.
279
00:22:41,485 --> 00:22:45,865
Yes, I worked in a shoe factory.
280
00:22:45,990 --> 00:22:48,117
And now I'm in charge.
281
00:22:50,411 --> 00:22:53,247
"To the workers of the world."
282
00:23:14,935 --> 00:23:17,438
Stable iodine will keep your thyroid
283
00:23:17,563 --> 00:23:19,982
from absorbing radioactive iodine.
284
00:23:21,108 --> 00:23:23,903
Take one a day for as long as they last.
285
00:23:24,028 --> 00:23:25,654
And go east.
286
00:23:25,779 --> 00:23:28,240
Get as far from Minsk as you can.
287
00:24:01,815 --> 00:24:03,442
It's overkill.
288
00:24:03,567 --> 00:24:05,444
Pikalov's showing off
to make us look bad.
289
00:24:05,569 --> 00:24:08,572
It doesn't matter how it looks.
290
00:24:08,697 --> 00:24:10,950
Shcherbina is a pure bureaucrat,
291
00:24:11,075 --> 00:24:13,035
as stupid as he is pigheaded.
292
00:24:13,160 --> 00:24:15,496
We'll tell him the truth in
the simplest terms possible.
293
00:24:15,621 --> 00:24:17,289
We'll be fine.
294
00:24:20,834 --> 00:24:22,378
Pikarov!
295
00:24:47,695 --> 00:24:50,531
Comrade Shcherbina,
Chief Engineer Fomin,
296
00:24:50,656 --> 00:24:52,658
Colonel General Pikalov, and I
297
00:24:52,783 --> 00:24:53,909
are honored at your arrival.
298
00:24:54,034 --> 00:24:55,244
Deeply, deeply honored.
299
00:24:55,369 --> 00:24:58,288
Naturally, we regret the
circumstances of your visit,
300
00:24:58,414 --> 00:25:00,541
but, as you can see, we are
making excellent progress
301
00:25:00,666 --> 00:25:02,167
in containing the damage.
302
00:25:02,292 --> 00:25:07,423
We have begun our own inquiry
into the cause of the accident,
303
00:25:07,548 --> 00:25:10,509
and I have a list of individuals
304
00:25:10,634 --> 00:25:13,345
who we believe are accountable.
305
00:25:35,159 --> 00:25:37,161
Professor Legasov, I understand
306
00:25:37,286 --> 00:25:39,413
you've been saying dangerous things.
307
00:25:39,538 --> 00:25:41,206
Very dangerous things.
308
00:25:41,331 --> 00:25:44,209
Apparently, our reactor core exploded.
309
00:25:44,334 --> 00:25:48,589
Please, tell me how an
RBMK reactor core explodes.
310
00:25:50,466 --> 00:25:52,801
I'm not prepared to
explain it at this time.
311
00:25:52,926 --> 00:25:55,721
As I presumed, he has no answer.
312
00:25:55,846 --> 00:25:58,390
It's disgraceful, really.
313
00:25:58,515 --> 00:26:01,935
To spread disinformation
at a time like this.
314
00:26:07,941 --> 00:26:10,736
Why did I see graphite on the roof?
315
00:26:10,861 --> 00:26:12,821
Graphite is only found in the core,
316
00:26:12,946 --> 00:26:16,408
where it's used as a
neutron flux moderator.
317
00:26:16,533 --> 00:26:18,744
Correct?
318
00:26:18,869 --> 00:26:22,331
Fomin, why did the Deputy
Chairman see graphite on the roof?
319
00:26:23,582 --> 00:26:26,126
Well, that... that can't be.
320
00:26:26,251 --> 00:26:28,879
Comrade Shcherbina, my
apologies, but graphite...
321
00:26:29,004 --> 00:26:30,172
that's not possible.
322
00:26:30,297 --> 00:26:32,341
Perhaps you saw burnt concrete.
323
00:26:32,466 --> 00:26:34,384
Now there you made a mistake,
324
00:26:34,510 --> 00:26:37,096
because I may not know
much about nuclear reactors,
325
00:26:37,221 --> 00:26:38,764
but I know a lot about concrete.
326
00:26:39,681 --> 00:26:42,101
- Comrade, I assure you...
- I understand.
327
00:26:43,018 --> 00:26:45,562
You think Legasov is wrong.
328
00:26:45,687 --> 00:26:47,606
How shall we prove it?
329
00:26:48,941 --> 00:26:52,152
Our high-range dosimeter just arrived.
330
00:26:52,277 --> 00:26:55,197
We could cover one of our
trucks with lead shielding,
331
00:26:55,322 --> 00:26:57,658
mount the dosimeter on the front.
332
00:27:03,455 --> 00:27:06,625
Have one of your men get as
close to the fire as he can.
333
00:27:06,750 --> 00:27:08,377
Give him every bit of
protection you have.
334
00:27:08,502 --> 00:27:10,754
But understand that
even with lead shielding,
335
00:27:10,879 --> 00:27:12,881
it may not be enough.
336
00:27:14,716 --> 00:27:16,510
Then I'll do it myself.
337
00:27:21,265 --> 00:27:23,100
Good.
338
00:29:20,884 --> 00:29:22,719
He's back.
339
00:29:51,748 --> 00:29:53,917
It's not three roentgen.
340
00:29:54,042 --> 00:29:55,752
It's 15,000.
341
00:29:55,877 --> 00:29:58,505
Comrade Shcherbina...
342
00:29:58,630 --> 00:30:00,090
What does that number mean?
343
00:30:00,215 --> 00:30:02,426
It means the core is open.
344
00:30:02,551 --> 00:30:04,845
It means the fire we're
watching with our own eyes
345
00:30:04,970 --> 00:30:06,430
is giving off nearly twice the radiation
346
00:30:06,555 --> 00:30:08,390
released by the bomb in Hiroshima.
347
00:30:08,515 --> 00:30:10,225
And that's every single hour.
348
00:30:10,350 --> 00:30:13,228
Hour after hour, 20
hours since the explosion,
349
00:30:13,353 --> 00:30:15,063
so 40 bombs worth by now.
350
00:30:15,188 --> 00:30:16,523
Forty-eight more tomorrow.
351
00:30:16,648 --> 00:30:19,234
And it will not stop. Not
in a week, not in a month.
352
00:30:19,359 --> 00:30:20,902
It will burn and spread its poison
353
00:30:21,028 --> 00:30:23,655
until the entire continent is dead.
354
00:30:26,783 --> 00:30:29,119
Please escort Comrades
Bryukhanov and Fomin
355
00:30:29,244 --> 00:30:31,038
to the local party headquarters.
356
00:30:31,163 --> 00:30:33,040
- Thank you for your service.
- Comrade...
357
00:30:33,165 --> 00:30:35,334
You're excused.
358
00:30:35,459 --> 00:30:38,086
Dyatlov was in charge.
359
00:30:38,211 --> 00:30:40,088
It was Dyatlov!
360
00:30:40,213 --> 00:30:42,799
- Tell me how to put it out.
- We'll use helicopters.
361
00:30:42,924 --> 00:30:45,802
- We'll drop water on it like a forest fire.
- No, no. You don't understand.
362
00:30:45,927 --> 00:30:48,013
This isn't a fire.
363
00:30:48,138 --> 00:30:50,182
This is a fissioning reactor core
364
00:30:50,307 --> 00:30:52,309
burning at over 2,000 degrees.
365
00:30:52,434 --> 00:30:53,935
The heat will instantly
vaporize the water...
366
00:30:54,061 --> 00:30:57,230
How do we put it out?
367
00:30:58,565 --> 00:31:00,359
You are dealing with something
368
00:31:00,484 --> 00:31:04,946
that has never occurred
on this planet before.
369
00:31:06,907 --> 00:31:08,450
Boron.
370
00:31:09,826 --> 00:31:11,787
Boron and sand.
371
00:31:11,912 --> 00:31:14,498
Well, that'll create
problems of its own,
372
00:31:14,623 --> 00:31:16,750
but I-I don't see any other way.
373
00:31:16,875 --> 00:31:18,835
Of course, it's going to
take thousands of drops,
374
00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:21,505
because you can't fly the
helicopters directly over the core,
375
00:31:21,630 --> 00:31:22,964
so most of it is going to miss.
376
00:31:23,090 --> 00:31:25,342
- How much sand and boron?
- Well, I can't be...
377
00:31:25,467 --> 00:31:29,179
- For God's sake, roughly!
- Five thousand tons.
378
00:31:29,304 --> 00:31:32,140
And obviously, we're going to need
to evacuate an enormous area...
379
00:31:32,265 --> 00:31:34,142
Never mind that. Focus on the fire.
380
00:31:34,267 --> 00:31:36,937
I am focusing on the fire.
381
00:31:37,062 --> 00:31:41,149
The wind, it's carrying all that smoke,
382
00:31:41,274 --> 00:31:43,026
all that radiation.
383
00:31:43,151 --> 00:31:46,071
At least evacuate Pripyat.
It's three kilometers away.
384
00:31:46,196 --> 00:31:48,073
- That's my decision to make.
- Then make it.
385
00:31:48,198 --> 00:31:50,826
- I've been told not to.
- Is it or is not...
386
00:31:50,951 --> 00:31:52,577
I'm in charge here!
387
00:31:52,702 --> 00:31:54,454
This will go much
easier if you talk to me
388
00:31:54,579 --> 00:31:55,789
about the things you do understand
389
00:31:55,914 --> 00:31:58,667
and not about the things
you do not understand.
390
00:32:02,421 --> 00:32:03,880
Where are you going?
391
00:32:04,005 --> 00:32:07,843
I'm going to get you 5,000
tons of sand and boron.
392
00:32:15,725 --> 00:32:17,769
There's a hotel.
393
00:33:13,617 --> 00:33:15,702
I'd prefer one of those.
394
00:33:23,752 --> 00:33:25,837
Superstitious?
395
00:33:34,429 --> 00:33:36,223
Moscow?
396
00:33:39,726 --> 00:33:42,062
Are you here because of the fire?
397
00:33:46,358 --> 00:33:48,902
Anything we should be worried about?
398
00:33:54,366 --> 00:33:55,951
No.
399
00:34:06,419 --> 00:34:07,963
Ah.
400
00:35:00,390 --> 00:35:03,059
We're in position. Approaching drop.
401
00:35:04,144 --> 00:35:06,271
Clear to proceed.
402
00:35:07,647 --> 00:35:10,859
Copy. We'll go one by one in rotation.
403
00:35:16,031 --> 00:35:18,074
Remind them about the perimeter.
404
00:35:21,661 --> 00:35:23,872
They cannot fly directly over the fire.
405
00:35:23,997 --> 00:35:26,082
A minimum of a ten-meter perimeter.
406
00:35:26,207 --> 00:35:27,626
Ten meter perimeter. Copy.
407
00:35:27,751 --> 00:35:29,210
Lead One, per pre-flight:
408
00:35:29,336 --> 00:35:32,005
maintain minimum ten-meter perimeter.
409
00:35:32,130 --> 00:35:33,173
Copy that.
410
00:35:33,298 --> 00:35:35,925
Forty meters... 35...
411
00:35:36,051 --> 00:35:37,385
30...
412
00:35:40,930 --> 00:35:43,099
No, no, no! They're too close!
413
00:35:43,224 --> 00:35:45,101
They can't get over the
fire. How are they supposed...
414
00:35:45,226 --> 00:35:46,895
The wind will have to carry it.
415
00:35:47,020 --> 00:35:49,898
Tell them, they cannot go over the core.
416
00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:53,568
Lead One is too close.
417
00:35:53,693 --> 00:35:56,071
I repeat, they are too close.
418
00:35:56,196 --> 00:35:57,864
Copy.
419
00:35:57,989 --> 00:36:00,909
Lead One, you are inside the perimeter.
420
00:36:01,034 --> 00:36:04,245
Did not copy. Signal's breaking up.
421
00:36:06,665 --> 00:36:09,042
Lead One?
422
00:36:09,167 --> 00:36:10,710
Do you copy?
423
00:36:10,835 --> 00:36:12,712
Lead One, do you copy?
424
00:36:12,837 --> 00:36:14,964
Lead One, come in.
425
00:36:15,090 --> 00:36:16,800
Do you copy, Lead One?
426
00:36:16,925 --> 00:36:18,635
Lead One!
427
00:36:36,444 --> 00:36:39,114
Sir? What do I tell the others?
428
00:36:41,449 --> 00:36:43,493
Is there any other way, Legasov?
429
00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:53,837
Send the next one in.
430
00:36:55,255 --> 00:36:57,298
Tell them to approach from the west.
431
00:36:58,383 --> 00:37:01,511
Lead Two, approach from the west.
432
00:37:22,282 --> 00:37:24,868
Kurchatov Institute Laboratory Four.
433
00:37:24,993 --> 00:37:29,414
Marina Gruzinskaya, it's
Ulana Khomyuk from Minsk.
434
00:37:31,666 --> 00:37:34,210
Oh, yes, how nice of you to phone.
435
00:37:34,335 --> 00:37:36,296
- It's been too long.
- It has.
436
00:37:36,421 --> 00:37:38,882
I was actually calling about our friend.
437
00:37:39,007 --> 00:37:41,342
- You know, the one in the country.
- Oh, yes, of course.
438
00:37:41,468 --> 00:37:45,054
I wanted to see how he's doing.
It's so hot there right now.
439
00:37:45,180 --> 00:37:47,557
Yes, it's extremely hot,
440
00:37:47,682 --> 00:37:48,975
but his nephews are flying down,
441
00:37:49,100 --> 00:37:51,019
and they always bring cool weather.
442
00:37:51,144 --> 00:37:52,687
Oh? Which nephews?
443
00:37:53,521 --> 00:37:57,525
Simka, who's 14, and
little Boris, who's five.
444
00:37:57,650 --> 00:37:58,943
Well, that's wonderful.
445
00:37:59,068 --> 00:38:00,695
Though children can make you even hotter
446
00:38:00,820 --> 00:38:02,572
when they're crawling all over you.
447
00:38:02,697 --> 00:38:04,032
Maybe I should visit them.
448
00:38:04,157 --> 00:38:05,909
No, they don't want visitors.
449
00:38:06,034 --> 00:38:08,286
I'm sorry, um, I have
to get back to work.
450
00:38:08,411 --> 00:38:10,872
It's very busy right now. Goodbye.
451
00:38:13,666 --> 00:38:16,085
They're dropping sand
and boron on the fire.
452
00:38:17,212 --> 00:38:18,755
It's what I would do.
453
00:38:20,548 --> 00:38:22,258
Yes, I'm sure it is.
454
00:38:44,656 --> 00:38:46,199
Where are you going?
455
00:38:47,242 --> 00:38:48,701
Chernobyl.
456
00:38:56,251 --> 00:38:59,170
It's been smooth. Twenty drops.
457
00:39:05,093 --> 00:39:06,427
What?
458
00:39:09,389 --> 00:39:12,392
There are 50,000 people in this city.
459
00:39:12,517 --> 00:39:17,188
Professor Ilyin, who's
also on the commission,
460
00:39:17,313 --> 00:39:20,024
says the radiation isn't
high enough to evacuate.
461
00:39:20,149 --> 00:39:21,776
Ilyin isn't a physicist.
462
00:39:21,901 --> 00:39:24,863
Well, he's a medical doctor.
If he says it's safe, it's safe.
463
00:39:24,988 --> 00:39:27,532
- Not if they stay here.
- We're staying here.
464
00:39:27,657 --> 00:39:32,078
Yes, we are, and we'll
be dead in five years.
465
00:39:39,919 --> 00:39:42,338
I'm sorry, I...
466
00:39:42,463 --> 00:39:43,923
I'm sorry.
467
00:40:22,295 --> 00:40:23,713
Shcherbina.
468
00:40:35,183 --> 00:40:36,517
Thank you.
469
00:40:42,649 --> 00:40:46,486
A nuclear plant in Sweden
has detected radiation
470
00:40:46,611 --> 00:40:49,697
and identified it as a
byproduct of our fuel.
471
00:40:50,823 --> 00:40:54,327
The Americans took satellite photos.
472
00:40:54,452 --> 00:40:57,789
The reactor building,
the smoke, the fire.
473
00:41:00,458 --> 00:41:02,377
The whole world knows.
474
00:41:08,967 --> 00:41:11,552
The wind has been
blowing toward Germany.
475
00:41:12,971 --> 00:41:15,556
They're not letting
children play outside...
476
00:41:17,433 --> 00:41:18,977
in Frankfurt.
477
00:41:30,613 --> 00:41:32,490
Want a smoke?
478
00:41:47,714 --> 00:41:50,466
There has been a nuclear
accident in the Soviet Union
479
00:41:50,591 --> 00:41:52,301
and the Soviets have
admitted that it happened.
480
00:41:52,427 --> 00:41:53,928
The Soviet version is this:
481
00:41:54,053 --> 00:41:55,430
One of the atomic reactors
482
00:41:55,555 --> 00:41:58,099
at the Chernobyl Atomic Power
Plant near the city of Kiev
483
00:41:58,224 --> 00:42:00,768
was damaged, and there
is speculation in Moscow
484
00:42:00,893 --> 00:42:03,021
that people were injured
and may have died.
485
00:42:03,146 --> 00:42:06,232
The Soviets may have been fairly
quick to acknowledge the accident
486
00:42:06,357 --> 00:42:09,610
because evidence in the form
of mild nuclear radiation
487
00:42:09,736 --> 00:42:13,781
had already reached beyond the
Soviet borders to Scandinavia.
488
00:42:46,981 --> 00:42:52,028
Attention, attention!
Attention, attention!
489
00:42:52,153 --> 00:42:54,864
Attention, attention!
490
00:42:54,989 --> 00:42:57,825
Dear comrades,
491
00:42:57,950 --> 00:43:03,122
the City Counsel of people's deputies
informs the following:
492
00:43:03,247 --> 00:43:10,254
due to an accident at the Chernobyl
nuclear power plant in the city of Pripyat,
493
00:43:10,379 --> 00:43:16,761
an adverse radiation condition
is evolving.
494
00:43:16,886 --> 00:43:22,350
By the Party and Soviet bodies,
and by police units
495
00:43:22,475 --> 00:43:26,104
necessary measures are being taken.
496
00:43:26,229 --> 00:43:32,652
However, in order to provide
complete safety for people,
497
00:43:32,777 --> 00:43:35,530
especially for children,
498
00:43:35,655 --> 00:43:43,371
it is necessary
to temporarily evacuate city residents
499
00:43:43,496 --> 00:43:47,708
to evacuation points in Kiev oblast.
500
00:43:47,834 --> 00:43:51,129
In order to do this,
for each apartment house,
501
00:43:51,254 --> 00:43:54,966
today, April 27,
502
00:43:55,091 --> 00:43:59,387
starting from 2:00 p.m.,
503
00:43:59,512 --> 00:44:04,100
starting from 2:00 p.m.,
504
00:44:04,225 --> 00:44:06,561
buses will be provided
505
00:44:06,686 --> 00:44:10,189
escorted by militia officers
506
00:44:10,314 --> 00:44:13,442
and representatives of the Party's
executive committee.
507
00:44:13,568 --> 00:44:16,988
It is recommended to take with you:
508
00:44:17,113 --> 00:44:21,242
IDs, basic necessities,
509
00:44:21,367 --> 00:44:26,289
and some food for the trip
and the first couple of days.
510
00:44:27,290 --> 00:44:31,711
The executives
of enterprises and institutions
511
00:44:31,836 --> 00:44:37,466
have provided lists
of workers who are required to stay
512
00:44:37,592 --> 00:44:43,681
to ensure normal functioning of the city.
513
00:44:43,806 --> 00:44:47,518
All apartment houses
during the evacuation
514
00:44:47,643 --> 00:44:51,647
will be guarded by militia officers.
515
00:44:51,772 --> 00:44:56,110
Comrades, while temporarily
leaving your houses,
516
00:44:56,235 --> 00:44:59,030
do not forget to close windows,
517
00:44:59,155 --> 00:45:03,075
to turn off
all electrical and gas equipment,
518
00:45:03,201 --> 00:45:06,412
and to close mainstaps.
519
00:45:06,537 --> 00:45:11,250
Please, remain calm, be organized
520
00:45:11,375 --> 00:45:17,298
and maintain order
during this temporary evacuation.
521
00:45:17,423 --> 00:45:22,929
Attention, attention!
Attention, attention!
522
00:45:23,054 --> 00:45:29,393
Attention, attention!
Attention, attention!
523
00:45:29,518 --> 00:45:32,563
Dear comrades,
524
00:45:32,688 --> 00:45:37,944
the City Counsel of people's deputies
informs the following:
525
00:45:38,069 --> 00:45:44,242
due to an accident
at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
526
00:45:44,367 --> 00:45:46,452
in the city of Pripyat,
527
00:45:46,577 --> 00:45:54,168
an adverse radiation condition
is evolving.
528
00:45:54,293 --> 00:45:59,715
By the Party and Soviet bodies,
and by police units...
529
00:46:28,327 --> 00:46:30,788
I said turn around. This
is a restricted zone.
530
00:46:30,913 --> 00:46:33,582
I'm from the Byelorussian
Institute for Nuclear Energy.
531
00:46:33,708 --> 00:46:35,251
Do you have permission?
532
00:46:35,376 --> 00:46:37,586
Listen to me, I need to
speak to someone urgently.
533
00:46:37,712 --> 00:46:40,047
Turn around right now,
or I'll arrest you.
534
00:46:40,172 --> 00:46:41,882
If you arrest me, you should take me
535
00:46:42,008 --> 00:46:44,218
to the highest possible authority.
536
00:46:48,723 --> 00:46:51,225
We have to start a radiological survey.
537
00:46:51,350 --> 00:46:55,521
Sector by sector, on
foot, dosimeters in hand.
538
00:46:57,189 --> 00:46:58,899
Are you all right?
539
00:47:01,527 --> 00:47:02,778
Of course.
540
00:47:04,071 --> 00:47:05,448
Comrades...
541
00:47:05,573 --> 00:47:08,075
The guards arrested this
woman at the south checkpoint.
542
00:47:08,200 --> 00:47:12,413
- I'd have put her in a cell...
- But he thought you should know that I know.
543
00:47:12,538 --> 00:47:14,540
I know that your
reactor core is exposed.
544
00:47:14,665 --> 00:47:17,293
I know the graphite is on
fire, the fuel is melting,
545
00:47:17,418 --> 00:47:19,295
and you're dropping
sand and boron on it,
546
00:47:19,420 --> 00:47:22,631
which you probably thought was
smart, but you've made a mistake.
547
00:47:22,757 --> 00:47:25,801
Ulana Yuriyvna Khomyuk, Chief Physicist,
548
00:47:25,926 --> 00:47:28,179
Byelorussian Institute
for Nuclear Energy.
549
00:47:28,304 --> 00:47:31,640
And you are Valery Alexeyevich Legasov?
550
00:47:31,766 --> 00:47:34,143
Smothering the core
will put the fire out,
551
00:47:34,268 --> 00:47:36,979
but the temperature will
eventually increase...
552
00:47:37,104 --> 00:47:38,689
Believe me, I'm perfectly aware.
553
00:47:38,814 --> 00:47:40,733
But I estimate at least a month
554
00:47:40,858 --> 00:47:42,735
before it melts through
the lower concrete pad,
555
00:47:42,860 --> 00:47:44,737
- which gives us time...
- No, you don't have a month.
556
00:47:44,862 --> 00:47:46,572
You have approximately two days.
557
00:47:47,490 --> 00:47:50,785
Yes, the fuel would take a month
558
00:47:50,910 --> 00:47:52,870
to reach the concrete pad here.
559
00:47:52,995 --> 00:47:56,374
But first... it's going to burn through
560
00:47:56,499 --> 00:47:58,834
the biological shield here by Tuesday.
561
00:47:58,959 --> 00:48:01,921
And when it does, it's
going to hit these tanks...
562
00:48:02,046 --> 00:48:03,297
bubbler pools, reservoirs...
563
00:48:03,422 --> 00:48:06,550
Reservoirs for the ECS.
I understand your concern,
564
00:48:06,675 --> 00:48:08,552
but I confirmed it with plant personnel.
565
00:48:08,677 --> 00:48:12,223
- The tanks are nearly empty.
- No, they were nearly empty.
566
00:48:12,348 --> 00:48:15,768
Each of these points
here, here, and here
567
00:48:15,893 --> 00:48:17,812
all drain to the bubbler pools.
568
00:48:17,937 --> 00:48:20,439
I'm guessing that every pipe
in the building ruptured.
569
00:48:20,564 --> 00:48:23,484
And then there are those fire
engines that I saw on the way in.
570
00:48:23,609 --> 00:48:25,694
The fire hoses are still connected.
571
00:48:25,820 --> 00:48:28,906
They've been gushing water into
the structure this whole time.
572
00:48:29,031 --> 00:48:30,825
The tanks are full.
573
00:48:32,952 --> 00:48:35,454
The tanks are full.
574
00:48:38,082 --> 00:48:40,876
_
575
00:48:41,001 --> 00:48:45,464
_
576
00:48:45,589 --> 00:48:48,759
_
577
00:48:48,884 --> 00:48:52,513
_
578
00:48:52,638 --> 00:48:55,224
_
579
00:48:55,349 --> 00:48:58,144
_
580
00:49:14,452 --> 00:49:18,706
I have ten minutes, then
I'm back on the phone
581
00:49:18,831 --> 00:49:21,709
apologizing to our friends,
582
00:49:21,834 --> 00:49:24,962
apologizing to our enemies.
583
00:49:25,087 --> 00:49:28,466
Our power comes from the
perception of our power.
584
00:49:28,591 --> 00:49:32,094
Do you understand the
damage this has done?
585
00:49:32,219 --> 00:49:35,347
Do you understand what's at stake?
586
00:49:37,057 --> 00:49:38,267
Boris.
587
00:49:40,436 --> 00:49:44,857
Professor Legasov will
deliver our briefing.
588
00:49:46,525 --> 00:49:48,110
There is some good news.
589
00:49:48,235 --> 00:49:50,738
The air drops are
working to douse the fire.
590
00:49:50,863 --> 00:49:54,575
There's been a reduction
in radionuclide emissions,
591
00:49:54,700 --> 00:49:56,494
but the fire will not be extinguished
592
00:49:56,619 --> 00:49:59,497
for at least another two weeks.
593
00:50:01,540 --> 00:50:04,418
There is also an additional problem.
594
00:50:05,961 --> 00:50:07,713
Nuclear fuel doesn't turn cold
595
00:50:07,838 --> 00:50:10,424
simply because it is not on fire.
596
00:50:10,549 --> 00:50:12,051
In fact, the temperature
will likely rise
597
00:50:12,176 --> 00:50:14,929
as a result of the blanket
of sand we've dropped.
598
00:50:15,054 --> 00:50:17,806
The uranium will melt the sand,
599
00:50:17,932 --> 00:50:19,600
creating a kind of lava
600
00:50:19,725 --> 00:50:22,978
which will begin to melt
down through the shield below.
601
00:50:23,103 --> 00:50:24,605
You have made lava?
602
00:50:27,274 --> 00:50:29,401
I anticipated this.
603
00:50:31,028 --> 00:50:33,155
I believed there was time to reinforce
604
00:50:33,280 --> 00:50:35,366
this lower concrete pad
605
00:50:35,491 --> 00:50:36,825
before the lava reached the earth
606
00:50:36,951 --> 00:50:38,452
and contaminated the groundwater.
607
00:50:38,577 --> 00:50:41,622
But as it turned out, I was
worried about the wrong thing.
608
00:50:41,747 --> 00:50:43,582
Uh, um...
609
00:50:43,707 --> 00:50:47,253
It was my understanding
that these large water tanks
610
00:50:47,378 --> 00:50:49,922
under the reactor
were essentially empty.
611
00:50:50,047 --> 00:50:53,175
This is Ulana Khomyuk of
the Byelorussian Institute.
612
00:50:53,300 --> 00:50:55,469
Thanks to her insight, we are now aware
613
00:50:55,594 --> 00:50:58,847
that the tanks are, in fact, full.
614
00:50:58,973 --> 00:51:02,768
Of water. Why is that
a problem, professor?
615
00:51:07,106 --> 00:51:08,732
When the lava enters these tanks,
616
00:51:08,857 --> 00:51:11,402
it will instantly superheat and vaporize
617
00:51:11,527 --> 00:51:15,030
approximately 7,000
cubic meters of water,
618
00:51:15,155 --> 00:51:18,492
causing a significant thermal explosion.
619
00:51:18,617 --> 00:51:20,536
How significant?
620
00:51:20,661 --> 00:51:24,623
We estimate between
two and four megatons.
621
00:51:24,748 --> 00:51:27,876
Everything within a 30-kilometer radius
622
00:51:28,002 --> 00:51:29,628
will be completely destroyed,
623
00:51:29,753 --> 00:51:33,048
including the three remaining
reactors at Chernobyl.
624
00:51:33,173 --> 00:51:36,635
The entirety of the radioactive
material in all of the cores
625
00:51:36,760 --> 00:51:39,805
will be ejected at force
626
00:51:39,930 --> 00:51:42,933
and dispersed by a massive shock wave,
627
00:51:43,058 --> 00:51:48,188
which will extend
approximately 200 kilometers
628
00:51:48,314 --> 00:51:51,567
and likely be fatal to the
entire population of Kiev
629
00:51:51,692 --> 00:51:53,694
as well as a portion of Minsk.
630
00:51:53,819 --> 00:51:56,697
The release of radiation will be severe
631
00:51:56,822 --> 00:52:00,034
and will impact all of Soviet Ukraine,
632
00:52:00,159 --> 00:52:03,746
Latvia, Lithuania, Byelorussia,
633
00:52:03,871 --> 00:52:07,166
as well as Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
634
00:52:07,291 --> 00:52:09,793
Romania, and most of East Germany.
635
00:52:13,547 --> 00:52:16,342
What do you mean "impact"?
636
00:52:17,217 --> 00:52:19,720
For much of the area, a
nearly permanent disruption
637
00:52:19,845 --> 00:52:22,348
of the food and water supply,
638
00:52:22,473 --> 00:52:25,434
a steep increase in the rates
of cancer and birth defects.
639
00:52:25,559 --> 00:52:28,979
I don't know how many deaths
there will be, but many.
640
00:52:29,104 --> 00:52:30,898
For Byelorussia and the Ukraine,
641
00:52:31,023 --> 00:52:33,317
"impact" means completely uninhabitable
642
00:52:33,442 --> 00:52:36,862
for a minimum of 100 years.
643
00:52:40,699 --> 00:52:44,078
There are more than 50 million people
644
00:52:44,203 --> 00:52:46,872
living in Byelorussia and Ukraine.
645
00:52:46,997 --> 00:52:48,874
Sixty, yes.
646
00:52:53,253 --> 00:52:55,005
And how long before this happens?
647
00:52:55,130 --> 00:52:58,884
Approximately 48 to 72 hours.
648
00:53:02,429 --> 00:53:04,890
But we may have a solution.
649
00:53:05,015 --> 00:53:06,684
We can pump the water from the tanks.
650
00:53:06,809 --> 00:53:10,145
Unfortunately, the tanks are
sealed shut by a sluice gate,
651
00:53:10,270 --> 00:53:12,356
and the gate can only be opened manually
652
00:53:12,481 --> 00:53:13,982
from within the duct system itself.
653
00:53:14,108 --> 00:53:17,236
So we need to find three plant workers
654
00:53:17,361 --> 00:53:18,904
who know the facility well enough
655
00:53:19,029 --> 00:53:20,614
to enter the basement here,
656
00:53:20,739 --> 00:53:24,952
find their way through
all these duct ways,
657
00:53:25,077 --> 00:53:27,121
get to the sluice gate valve here,
658
00:53:27,246 --> 00:53:31,667
and give us the access we
need to pump out the tanks.
659
00:53:31,792 --> 00:53:34,461
Of course, we will need your permission.
660
00:53:34,586 --> 00:53:36,630
My permission for what?
661
00:53:36,755 --> 00:53:39,258
Uh, the water in these ducts,
662
00:53:39,383 --> 00:53:42,136
the level of radioactive
contamination...
663
00:53:42,261 --> 00:53:44,638
They'll likely be dead in a week.
664
00:53:46,390 --> 00:53:50,018
We're asking for your
permission to kill three men.
665
00:53:58,277 --> 00:53:59,611
Well...
666
00:53:59,737 --> 00:54:02,281
Comrade Legasov...
667
00:54:02,406 --> 00:54:06,118
all victories inevitably come at a cost.
668
00:55:31,286 --> 00:55:35,082
And open the sluice gate valve... here.
669
00:55:35,207 --> 00:55:37,167
The valve will be difficult to operate,
670
00:55:37,292 --> 00:55:39,169
so we'll need three men
671
00:55:39,294 --> 00:55:42,714
who will need to know
the basement layout.
672
00:55:42,840 --> 00:55:46,760
And, of course, any
volunteers will be rewarded.
673
00:55:46,885 --> 00:55:51,223
A yearly stipend of 400 rubles.
674
00:55:57,354 --> 00:56:02,276
And, uh, for those of you working
in reactors one and two, promotions.
675
00:56:02,401 --> 00:56:06,196
Why are reactors one and
two still operating at all?
676
00:56:06,321 --> 00:56:08,282
My friend was a security
guard that night,
677
00:56:08,407 --> 00:56:10,033
and, uh, she's now dying.
678
00:56:10,158 --> 00:56:12,661
And we've all heard about the firemen.
679
00:56:12,786 --> 00:56:17,457
And now you want us to swim
underneath a burning reactor?
680
00:56:17,583 --> 00:56:19,751
Do you even know how contaminated it is?
681
00:56:21,795 --> 00:56:23,630
I... I don't have an exact number.
682
00:56:23,755 --> 00:56:26,508
You don't need an exact number
to know if it'll kill us.
683
00:56:26,633 --> 00:56:28,552
But you can't even tell us that.
684
00:56:30,470 --> 00:56:32,973
Why should we do this?
For what, 400 rubles?
685
00:56:36,435 --> 00:56:39,146
You'll do it because it must be done.
686
00:56:43,859 --> 00:56:47,112
You'll do it because nobody else can.
687
00:56:49,448 --> 00:56:53,118
And if you don't, millions will die.
688
00:56:54,286 --> 00:56:57,247
If you tell me that's not
enough, I won't believe you.
689
00:56:58,457 --> 00:57:02,502
This is what has always
set our people apart.
690
00:57:02,628 --> 00:57:05,714
A thousand years of
sacrifice in our veins.
691
00:57:06,673 --> 00:57:09,468
And every generation must
know its own suffering.
692
00:57:10,510 --> 00:57:13,221
I spit on the people who did this,
693
00:57:13,347 --> 00:57:15,974
and I curse the price I have to pay.
694
00:57:18,101 --> 00:57:20,437
But I'm making my peace with it,
695
00:57:20,562 --> 00:57:22,314
and now you make yours.
696
00:57:22,439 --> 00:57:25,150
And go into that water.
697
00:57:27,235 --> 00:57:28,987
Because it must be done.
698
00:57:46,129 --> 00:57:47,714
Ananenko.
699
00:57:52,052 --> 00:57:53,553
Bezpalov.
700
00:57:58,725 --> 00:58:00,435
Baranov.
701
01:03:12,080 --> 01:03:18,420
- Synced and corrected by VitoSilans -
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702
01:03:18,545 --> 01:03:23,550
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